Formal specification is a method for precisely modelling computer-based systems that combines concepts from software engineering and mathematical logic. In this book the authors describe algebraic and state-based specification techniques from the unified view of the Common Object-oriented Language for Design COLD a wide-spectrum language in the tradition of VDM and Z. The kernel language is explained in detail with many examples including: set representation a display device an INGRES-like database system and a line editor. Fundamental techniques such as initial algebra semantics loose semantics partial functions hiding sharing predicate and dynamic logic abstraction functions representation of invariants and black-box correctness are also presented. More advanced ideas for example Horn logic and large systems are given in the final part. Appendices contain full details of the language's syntax and a specification library. Techniques for software development and design are emphasised throughout so the book will be an excellent choice for courses in these areas. Language: English