Since the mid-1990s US and European attitudes strategies and policies towards the Middle East have diverged. In the Middle East peace process Europeans have grown frustrated with the lack of progress and with Washingtonâs near-monopoly on diplomatic action and have begun to demand a greater role. On Iraq the US insists on strong military and economic containment of Saddam Hussein while some Europeans have started to press for a more rapid reintegration of Iraq into the international community and are reluctant to use or threaten force. The issue of how to deal with Iran has been most divisive of all with the US and Europe deeply divided over whether they should contain or engage Tehran. Transatlantic tensions over the Middle East are damaging for three main reasons. They reduce the effectiveness of allied policies; undermine NATOâs cohesion when its future is no longer guaranteed by a common threat; and threaten to spill over into the economic domain. This paper examines the reasons for these potentially damaging differences assesses the prospects for improving transatlantic cooperation in the region and suggests approaches that may help to bring this about. Its main policy conclusions are:On the Arab Israeli conflict as long as the peace process is moving forward or has reasonable prospects of doing so the US is probably right that Europeâs formal involvement in direct peace talks would not be helpful particularly if such a role aimed to promote policies different from those of the US. If the peace process stalls completely however it will be difficult for Washington to justify opposing a more active European role. On Iraq the US-led policy of containment is correct and economic sanctions should remain in place until Baghdad complies fully with UN Security Council disarmament resolutions. However in exchange for Europeâs agreement to contribute to Iraqâs military containment the US like Europe should abide by the letter and spirit. Language: English